23 March to 15 July 2012 Jewish Migrants from Eastern Europe in the 1920s
Romanisches Café
- Breitscheidplatz and the Europa Center in March 2012 © Jewish Museum Berlin, photo: Gelia Eisert
In the 1920s the Romanisches Cafe was located on the site on Kurfürstendamm that is now home to the Europa Center with its many shops, multistory car park, hotel, and cabaret. It was the best known literary cafe of its age and was frequented by poets, authors, painters and intellectuals, many of whom wrote in Yiddish or Hebrew.
The café was also called the »Rachmonische« (from the Yiddish word for »mercy«) because of its simple cuisine and furnishings.
The building was destroyed in the Second World War. In 1962 the foundation stone was laid for the Europa Center, which opened in 1965.
- Interior view of the Romanisches Café in Berlin, 1925 © ullstein
Kiev-born author David Bergelson (1884–1952) was a well-known patron of the Romanisches Café. In his Berlin stories, Bergelson painted a colorful portrait of the city and the life of its immigrants.
Bergelson worked as the Berlin correspondent for both Forverts (Forward), a Yiddish-language socialist newspaper published in New York, and the Moscow-based Emes (Truth). He returned to the Soviet Union in 1934. Like many Yiddish-speaking writers, he was arrested in the spring of 1949 and executed in 1952.
Lev Bergelson on His Father
»He often spent his evenings in the Romanisches Café at the Memorial Church, which was the meeting place for the Berlin bohemian scene. Although he was not a coffeehouse writer, the
atmosphere of the café held a great attraction for him. Its regulars included many artists and well-known Berlin figures and he also met friends from his Kiev days there. The Romanisches Café offered more than just chats over coffee and tea. Many of the customers wrote poems, read proofs, or played chess in its rooms. My father played several games of chess with world champion Emanuel Lasker. When, as usual, my father was forced to explain what a great honor it was to lose to Lasker, the latter would comfort him with the words: ›In all humility, I agree.‹«
Lev Bergelson, Erinnerungen an meinen Vater, in: David Bergelson, Leben ohne Frühling (Berlin, 2000), p. 284
- David Bergelson lying in a lounge chair behind his home in the Zehlendorf district of Berlin © Lev Bergelson
Ilya Grigoryevich Ehrenburg (1891–1967) was a Russian Jewish author who lived in Berlin from 1922 to 1924. He was one of the regulars at the Romanisches Café.
Ilya Ehrenburg on the Romanisches Café
»I am writing this letter from the Romanisches Café. This is a very respectable place. It resembles a staff headquarters for fanatical vagabonds, everyday folk, and the educated crooks
who have been entirely cured of narrow-minded nationalism.... I don't know why all these people live in Berlin! Foreign currency, passport visas? … Immigrants or thrifty tourists? At any rate, they're all dissatisfied with Berlin and seize every opportunity to get angry at it. Particularly the Russians, who consider it a good style. I don’t want you to think I’m attempting to be witty. I'm afraid you won't believe me—it obviously sounds paradoxical: I have grown fond of Berlin.«
Ilya Ehrenburg, Visum der Zeit (Frankfurt am Main, 1983), 44f. (First edition: Berlin, 1930)
- Ilya Ehrenburg
David Einhorn (1886–1973) was a White Russian poet and journalist who immigrated to Berlin in 1920. In 1925 he described the Romanisches Café in a tribute to the literary café. It was published in the New York-based Forverts newspaper.
Article by David Einhorn
»Forgotten is the Romanishes Café and the ten Yiddish writers who fought over the tiresome style of Yiddish literature. The few dozen Yiddish activists who drank black coffee every night, and made plans for how to rescue the Jewish people. The Jewish publishing houses—that grew like mushrooms after the rain and later fell like flies in autumn—that had published translations of highly philosophical works and highly enlightened novels, specifically for the American reader, who never received them. And if he had he never would have read them, because Germans don’t read them either.«
David Einhorn, Warum sich jetzt so viele Juden in Paris niederlassen - Farwos jiden basezen sich izt asoj fiel in paris (jiddisch), in: Forwerz (New York), November 15, 1925
Article by David Einhorn: »Farwos jiden basezen sich izt asoj fiel in paris« (Yiddish), 1925. Speaker: Daniel Kahn
Article by David Einhorn: »Why So Many Jews Are Settling in Paris« (English version), 1925. Speaker: Jeffrey Mittleman
In 1932 Journalist Yeshayahu Klinow (1880–1963) wrote the following about the Romanisches Café:
Letter by Yeshayahu Klinow
»Berlin is perhaps the only Jewish city in the world where, for years, an atmosphere has been created in which Jews could congregate, live together, get closer and learn from each other—without that hatred and the conflicts that are ever present in even our smallest communities [...]. Is this because a bizarre curiosity has brought them here, to the banks of the Spree River, Jews who think alike and share the same goals, and belong to the same school of thought? Certainly not! [...] Often, it is not the narrow table at the ›Romanisches Café‹ or the ›Café Trumf‹ that separates our worldviews, but a deeper ideological chasm. But this is the reality—we understand each other—and I even dare say we have respect for our competitors [...]. [...] In taking stock I see that this »luxury« can’t be afforded everywhere.«
Jeschajahu Klinow, Ein Brief an Daniel Charney – A briw zu Daniel Tscharnin (jiddisch), in: Jidische Schtime (Kowno), Dezember 27, 1932
Yeshayahu Klinow: »A briw zu Daniel Tscharnin« (Yiddish), 1932. Speaker: Rafael Goldwaser
Yeshayahu Klinow: »A Letter to Daniel Charney« (English version), 1932. Speaker: Harvey Friedman
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